Global update

Abu Mohammed al-Jolani addressing a crowd in the Great Mosque of Damascus last weekend. Aref Tammawi/AFP/Getty
From backing bin Laden to toppling Assad
I was at university in Damascus with Syriaâs rebel leader Abu Mohammed al-Jolani, says Hassan Hassan in The Daily Telegraph. I remember him as a soft-spoken media student, with âmiddling grades and a quiet dispositionâ. He was born in Riyadh, the son of an economist in the Saudi oil ministry, and grew up in Mazzeh, an affluent, liberal neighbourhood in Damascus. Like many teenagers, he became politically radical, and two pivotal events â the 2000 Palestinian Intifada and the 9/11 terror attacks â steered him away from secular education towards âreligious devotion and militant ideologyâ. By 2003, Jolani had grown a beard and traded his student attire for âaustere robesâ, dropped out of university and travelled to Baghdad to fight the Americans.
In Iraq, Jolani joined an insurgent group aligned with al-Qaeda and was captured in 2006 while planting a roadside bomb. He spent five âtransformativeâ years in US military prisons â including the notorious Abu Ghraib â where he made links with future leaders of Islamic State. By the time he was released in 2011, he was âa battle-hardened operative with a visionâ. As Islamic State grew in Iraq, its leaders summoned Jolani and tasked him with expanding jihad to Syria. He took to it with gusto, terrorising his homeland with attacks on security and military facilities and government officials across the country. In 2013, he pledged allegiance to al-Qaeda, but in 2016 he abandoned global jihad to focus on becoming a legitimate political force in Syria. That alienated hardline jihadists but earned him âcautious supportâ among anti-Assad Syrians. After the relative orderliness of his coup â free of the âchaos, vengeance and infightingâ that have so often attended Arab uprisings â we will soon find out if his latest transformation, âfrom militant insurgent to pragmatic leaderâ, is genuine.
đŞđ Confusingly, Abu Mohammed al-Jolani is not his real name, says Le Monde. Itâs a nom de guerre he came up with in prison in reference to the fact that his dad was originally from the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights. His real name is Ahmad al-Sharaa, which he now uses to sign his statements, potentially âanother symbol of his moderationâ.
Property

THE ESTATE This Grade II listed house is set within 14 acres of grounds just outside the Devon village of Lamerton. A sweeping drive leads up to the stone home, which has five en-suite bedrooms, an abundance of living spaces and a stunning wood-panelled entrance hall. The second floor consists of an entirely self-contained apartment, complete with kitchen and living room, and there are two cottages and two shepherdsâ huts elsewhere on the estate. The market town of Tavistock is a 10-minute drive, and Plymouth is 40 minutes with direct trains to London. ÂŁ3m.
Heroes and villains

David Tennant as Macbeth. Marc Brenner
Villain
An audience member in the West End who kicked up such a fuss about not being able to immediately return to his seat after a loo break that the entire performance had to be paused for 15 minutes. Staff at the Harold Pinter theatre pulled David Tennant (playing Macbeth) off stage and raised the house lights while security dealt with the peeved punter.
Hero
Nigel Richards, a New Zealander who won this yearâs Spanish World Scrabble Championships despite not being able to speak Spanish. This isnât the first time Richards â known as the âTiger Woods of Scrabbleâ â has âshattered linguistic barriersâ, says The Guardian. He won the Francophone edition of the competition in 2015, and again in 2018, despite speaking no French. âHe reportedly memorised the entire French Scrabble dictionary in nine weeks.â
Hero
Daisy, an AI-generated âgrannyâ developed by O2 to talk to scammers on the phone and thus keep them from bothering real people. Daisyâs details have been put on lists of numbers that the fraudsters use to find their victims â when they get through to her, she can keep them on the line with her automated responses for as long as 40 minutes.
Heroes
Clean-living Gen Z, whose lack of interest in clubbing has led to so many UK nightclubs closing that on the present trajectory there will be none left by 2030. Cheers to that, says Giles Coren in The Times. If we care as much about young peopleâs mental health as we always claim, then surely a world with fewer opportunities to âdrink, fight, smoke, do drugs, get pregnant and lose sleepâ is to be wildly celebrated? âOr rather, sorry, celebrated quietly at home, with a nice cup of camomile tea.â
Life

Boris Johnson aged 15 at Eton College. Ian Summer/Shutterstock
The lost art of the savage school report
As the first term of the academic year draws to a close, says Tanith Carey in The Spectator, school reports will soon be landing, âencrypted and password-protectedâ on parentsâ smartphones. And what a bore theyâve become. In our âsuper-sensitive ageâ, schools couch all comments as positives and only use âapproved adjectivesâ. Even the time-honoured put-down âcould do betterâ is off the menu. Todayâs parents must work out what the hell a teacher is implying when they say little Johnny might try a âmore self-directed approach to learning in order to reach his full potentialâ.
I preferred it when school reports had the scope to be âcharacter assassinationsâ. When the actor Richard Briers was at Rokeby in the 1940s, his headmaster wrote: âBriers thinks he is running the school and not me. If this attitude persists, one of us will have to leave.â Stephen Fry came in for a similar roasting at Uppingham, where one teacherâs report read simply: âHe has glaring faults, and they have certainly glared at us this term. I have nothing more to say.â At Malvern College in the 1960s, one of Jeremy Paxmanâs teachers spotted that âstubbornness is in his natureâ but that it âcould be an asset when directed to sound endsâ, if only he would âlearn tactâ. Perhaps most famous is the report Boris Johnsonâs Eton housemaster wrote in the 1980s, ascribing to the 17-year-old qualities that would later become familiar to the nation: âI think he honestly believes that it is churlish of us not to regard him as an exception, one who should be free of the network of obligation which binds everyone else.â
Comment

Tony Blair and Muammar Gaddafi in 2007. Peter Macdiarmid/Getty
Why the West keeps falling for despots
Bashar al-Assad was âno oneâs idea of a despotâ, says Janan Ganesh in the FT. The soft voice helped, as did the âweak chin and gawky heightâ, the medical training in London, and the âurbaneâ British wife. Soon after he released some Syrian political prisoners in 2000, the French awarded him the Legion of Honour. Looking back, the best that can be said about the âcourting of Assadâ is that it wasnât the worst misjudgement of a dictator around that time. Vladimir Putin was another âguy we can do business withâ, as were Saddam Hussein and Muammar Gaddafi. Why does this keep happening?
First, we live in a world of âdire optionsâ. Liberal societies have long survived by backing lesser evils against greater ones: Soviets against Nazis, mujahideen against Soviets, Baâathists against jihadis. Thereâs also a âgenerationalâ element to Western naivety. At a formative stage in their careers, the leaders who later fell for Putin and Assad watched the Soviet Unionâs Mikhail Gorbachev and South Africaâs FW de Klerk wind down their own autocracies to âface Westwardâ. What turn out to have been isolated instances of âfreakish statesmanshipâ were mistaken for a transferrable template. (Forged in disappointment, the coming batch of spies, diplomats and politicians will not be so innocent.) And itâs worth remembering that autocrats tend to âharden over timeâ as power intoxicates them, courtiers dial up the praise and access to reliable information dries up. In other words, the West probably was right about Assad and Putin, until it wasnât. Today, nothing could be more pragmatic than cultivating Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. âIn 2030, though?â
Weather

Quoted
âIf I had to live my life all over again, Iâd do it exactly the same â only I wouldnât read Beowulf.â
Woody Allen
To order The Knowledge Book of Insults in time for Christmas, click here
Thatâs it. Youâre done.
Let us know what you thought of todayâs issue by replying to this email
To find out about advertising and partnerships, click here
Been forwarded this newsletter? Sign up for free
Enjoying The Knowledge? Click to share
